丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞内的核表达检测

目的　检测和研究丙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitisCvirus,HCV)核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞 (peripheralbloodmononuclearcells ,PBMC)内核表达的意义 ,并探讨其与临床的关系。方法　对 6 6例慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMC标本进行免疫组化检测 ,并将HCV蛋白抗原定位分布情况与患者临床状况进行比较分析 ,对其中 2 7例患者PBMC进行HCVRNA和HCVAg的平行检测和分析。结果　免疫组化结果显示 ,慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMCHCVAg(core +NS3)阳性检出率为 77 2 7% (5 1 6 6 )。结果还证实 ,HCV核心蛋白均定位于胞核内 ,且呈强表达 ;NS3蛋白主要定位于胞质内 ,呈弱表达。当进行HCVAg在PBMC内定位情况与患者临床状况比较分析时显示 ,病情较重患者PBMC内核心蛋白表达阳性率 (35 2 9% )明显高于病情较轻者 (5 88% ) (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　HCV核心蛋白在PBMC内核表达与患者临床状况相关 ,提示其可能是丙型肝炎慢性化的一个指标 ,并可能在肝硬化和肝癌发生上起一定作用     

图像引导对宫颈癌放疗中直肠、膀胱照射剂量的影响

目的 分析宫颈癌根治性外照射图像引导与否对直肠和膀胱受照剂量的影响,探讨IGRT技术合理应用的模式。方法 选取2012—2016年于陆军总院行HT的宫颈癌患者20例。每次治疗前均进行MVCT扫描,应用MVCT图像在HT的自适应模块上进行剂量重建,得到当次的受量,并模拟出该次无图像引导下的受量;将各单次剂量分布和对应的融合CT图像传输至形变软件MIM6.0中进行剂量叠加,得到总照射剂量。对比图像引导与否对直肠及膀胱受量和体积的影响。结果 无图像引导的Plan-2的直肠和膀胱受量均高于图像引导下的Plan-1,其中直肠Dmax、V50及膀胱V50均不同(P=0.040、0.000、0.047);分次间初次治疗的Dmax和V50及治疗第13~21次的直肠V50与Plan-1比差异有统计学意义(P=0.047、0.037,P=0.009、0.017、0.028),首次及21~23次放疗的膀胱Vmax、V50与Plan-1比接近有统计学意义(P=0.061、0.053,P=0.072、0.058)。结论 图像引导可以降低直肠和膀胱的受照剂量及体积,尤其是直肠从图像引导获益更大;建议外照射半量左右(13次左右),肿瘤退缩明显时段,重新定位修改治疗计划;对于难以实现全程图像引导的情况下,进行选择性的图像引导,也可以达到有效地降低直肠和膀胱损伤发生的效果。     

Vaxvec: The first web-based recombinant vaccine vector database and its data analysis

A recombinant vector vaccine uses an attenuated virus, bacterium, or parasite as the carrier to express a heterologous antigen(s). Many recombinant vaccine vectors and related vaccines have been developed and extensively investigated. To compare and better understand recombinant vectors and vaccines, we have generated Vaxvec (http://www.violinet.org/vaxvec), the first web-based database that stores various recombinant vaccine vectors and those experimentally verified vaccines that use these vectors. Vaxvec has now included 59 vaccine vectors that have been used in 196 recombinant vector vaccines against 66 pathogens and cancers. These vectors are classified to 41 viral vectors, 15 bacterial vectors, 1 parasitic vector, and 1 fungal vector. The most commonly used viral vaccine vectors are double-stranded DNA viruses, including herpesviruses, adenoviruses, and poxviruses. For example, Vaxvec includes 63 poxvirus-based recombinant vaccines for over 20 pathogens and cancers. Vaxvec collects 30 recombinant vector influenza vaccines that use 17 recombinant vectors and were experimentally tested in 7 animal models. In addition, over 60 protective antigens used in recombinant vector vaccines are annotated and analyzed. User-friendly web-interfaces are available for querying various data in Vaxvec. To support data exchange, the information of vaccine vectors, vaccines, and related information is stored in the Vaccine Ontology (VO). Vaxvec is a timely and vital source of vaccine vector database and facilitates efficient vaccine vector research and development.     

血清透明质酸Ⅲ型前胶原Ⅳ型胶原及脯氨酸肽酶对肝组织纤维化诊断的意义

探讨肝病患者血清透明质酸（HA），Ⅲ型前胶原（PCⅢ），型胶原（CⅣ）及脯氨酸肽酶（PLD）水平与肝纤维化程度的关系。用酶联免疫（ELISA）法及生化比色法检测225例各种肝病患者血清中HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ及PLD水平，并与肝活检病理炎症分级和纤维化分期相比较。四项指标与肝组织炎症坏死及纤维化程度均呈显著相关（P〈0．05）。HA、PCⅢ及CⅣ与肝纤维化相关性高于炎症，PLD与炎症的相关性高于纤维化。血清学指标与肝组织病理病变程度一致，联合检测肝病患者血清HA、PCⅢ、CⅣ及PLD水平，既可反映肝纤维化严重程度，又能了解肝坏死情况，为临床诊断治疗提供参考。     

An expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China

This is an expert consensus on the evaluation and treatment of thoracolumbar spinal injury, estab- lished from February 2009 to July 2010. The expert consensus consists mainly of six parts with a total of 54 recommendations including the overview （one item）; pre-hospital care （one item）; evaluation and diagnosis （13 items）; treatment （23 items）; prevention and treatment of major com- plications （12 items）; and rehabilitation （four items）. This is the first time that Chinese experts have published a consensus on spine and spinal cord injury. The expert consensus was established based on Delphi methods, literature analysis, and clinical experiences. Each recommendation is supported by and was interpreted using multi-level evidences. The level of agreement with the rec- ommendation among the panel members was assessed as either low, moderate, or strong. Each panel member was asked to indicate his or her level of agreement on a 5-point scale, with ＂1＂ cor- respondJng to neutrality and ＂5＂ representJng maxJmum agreement. Scores were aggregated across the panel members and an arithmetic mean was calculated. This mean score was then translated into low, moderate, or strong. After all of the votes were collected and calculated, the results showed no low-level recommendations, 10 moderate-level recommendations, and 44 strong-level recom- mendations. An expert consensus was reached and was recognized by Chinese spine surgeons. Wide-scale adoption of these recommendations is urgent in the management of acute thora- columbar spine and spinal cord injury in a broader attempt to create a standard evaluation and treatment strategy for acute thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord injury in China.     

组配式桡骨头假体置换治疗MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折

目的：观察采用组配式桡骨头假体置换治疗MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折的早期疗效。方法：2009年1月至2012年3月,应用组配式桡骨头假体治疗16例MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折患者,男9例,女7例;年龄31～57岁,平均43岁。评价患者肘关节屈伸活动及前臂旋转活动范围,并根据Mayo肘关节功能评估评分（Mayo elbow perfor-mance score,MEPS）评价肘关节总体功能;对影像学进行测量,评价桡骨头假体高度及假体松动程度。结果：14例患者得到随访,时间12～33个月,平均23个月。关节活动范围与健侧比较,患侧肘关节屈伸度及前臂旋转活动度明显较差（P＜0．01）。MEPS评分90±16（45～100）;分级评定：优9例,良2例,可2例,差1例。按照Grewal分级,4例出现轻度的透亮线,1例中度透亮线。结论：组配式桡骨头假体置换治疗难以内固定可靠重建的MasonⅢ和Ⅳ型桡骨头骨折早期疗效满意,中、远期疗效仍有待于进一步研究。     

进行性假性类风湿性发育不良症并双侧股骨髁上骨折1例

正患者,女,12岁。5岁开始逐渐出现行走不稳,左右摇摆,未予重视。2013年出现双髋关节疼痛,逐渐加重,5个月前发展为无法行走,需要坐轮椅。曾被诊断为"脑炎"、"先天发育异常"、"幼年性类风湿"等疾病,均未确诊,症状无改善。1 d前不慎从轮椅上摔下,双膝着地,双膝关节上方处剧烈疼痛,活动不能,为进一步治疗来我院就诊。急诊X线片(图1a,1b)示股骨远端及胫骨近端骨骺及干骺端扩大,双侧股     

大鼠颈段红核脊髓束损伤后炎症反应相关基因表达谱

目的探讨大鼠颈段红核脊髓束(RST)损伤后急性期炎症反应的分子机制。方法 Sprague Dawley(SD)雌性大鼠18只,随机分为2组:双侧RST损伤组(n=9)和假手术对照组(n=9)。制作双侧RST损伤模型,24 h后处死动物,以损伤处为中心取长约0.5 mm脊髓组织,将各组中的3只动物标本混合,提取总RNA,共得到6份RNA样品,使用含有28000个大鼠基因的Affy-metrix表达谱基因芯片检测基因变化。结果大鼠RST损伤后24 h表达发生变化的有153条基因,表达上调的有136条,表达下调的有17条。与炎症相关的基因大部分表达上调(Scn9α除外),Toll样受体信号途径中有8条基因表达上调。结论 RST损伤后多种炎症反应相关的基因表达出现变化。     

蛋白芯片技术联合检测肿瘤标志物的临床应用及意义

目的探讨多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统对于肿瘤检测的临床应用价值。方法采用多肿瘤标志物蛋自芯片检测仪检测168例健康的体检者，211例各期各种恶性肿瘤患者和36例肿瘤手术后患者血清中的12种肿瘤标本物进行对比分析。结果168例健康体检者用蛋白芯片检测有5例受检者出现异常结果，后证明为癌症早期；已明确诊断的各期肿瘤患者中有148例次指标结果异常，与临床及病理诊断的符合率为96．32％，追踪观察36例原发性肝癌手术前后检测结果，19例1年内结果正常，17例结果异常。结论多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统对恶性肿瘤的诊断具有参考价值，可广泛用于肿瘤的早期筛查、预后和疗效观察。     

冻干血小板功能的体外评价

目的评价冻干血小板的体外功能。方法将经过可逆性激活抑制、添加DMSO和海藻糖等低温保护剂、冷冻干燥后获得的血小板再水化,与新鲜血小板比较,应用流式仪检测分析其CD62p和PAC-1的表达,评价血小板活化状态和血小板反应能力;应用APACT检测诱导剂诱导的血小板最大聚集率并用SPAT评价血小板聚集和促凝血活性;应用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术研究血小板的形态和超微结构的变化。结果经过血小板激活抑制剂和冻干保护剂预处理的冻干血小板,再水化后对凝血酶的最大聚集率(79.0%)与对照组(86.2%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),对ADP和没食子酸诱导的聚集反应比对照分别降低49.34%和26.25%;经凝血酶激活后CD62p再表达率为50.88%略低于对照组70.32%(P<0.05),PAC-1再表达率为54.55%与对照组63.38%无明显差异;促凝血功能SPAT检测结果69.4 s与对照组70.6 s差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经过冷冻干燥保护剂和血小板激活抑制剂预处理后获得的冻干血小板,体外聚集活性和促凝血功能接近新鲜血小板。